西双版纳自然保护区与周边社区的共管研究

自然保护区社区共管的实施,缓解了保护区与社区的矛盾,在促进生物多样性保护与社区经济发展方面取得了显著的效果。然而,由于管理目标冲突、经费不足、宣传教育力度不足等问题,限制了共管的实施范围及可持续性。通过采取构建科学的共管运行机制、激励机制,生态教育等措施,突破共管的制约因素,促进了自然保护区及其社区的可持续发展。     

宿迁市区负氧离子浓度变化与气象要素相关分析

对宿迁市区负氧离子浓度变化与气象要素的相关关系进行了分析。试验分析表明：宿迁市区年平均负氧离子浓度为1031个／cm^3,达到保健浓度水平,对人体健康有利;其中6月至次年1月高于保健浓度标准,2—5月负氧离子浓度在允许浓度范围,且远高于临界浓度。其中夏季负氧离子浓度最高,平均为1257个／cm^3,高于保健浓度标准,对人体健康有利;秋冬分别为965,1080个／cm^3,接近保健浓度水平,对人体健康有利;春季最小为823个／cm^3,对人体健康较有利。一天中负氧离子浓度凌晨最大,中午前后最小。负氧离子浓度变化与相关气象要素关系密切：月平均浓度与月平均相对湿度和降水量呈正相关;日平均浓度与日照时数呈负相关,与最小相对湿度、平均温度距平呈正相关;有雷电日和有降水日的负氧离子浓度比无雷电和无降水日明显偏高;逐时浓度与温度呈明显的负相关。     

广州市水资源人口承载力研究

水资源是城市可持续发展的重要基础,科学分析城市水资源承载力与经济社会发展的关系,并基于此协调人口与水资源的关系,建立适应于城市水资源承载力的人类生活与生产方式,将有助于实现城市经济社会可持续发展。本文的计算思路是在对广州市水资源现状进行分析的基础之上,构建广州市水资源承载力评价指标体系,划定水资源承载力等级,对市各辖区相应的水资源承载力进行评价,同时结合广州市人口规划预测的人口数量及未来的供水能力等进行预测,以此提出提升水资源承载力的相关政策和措施。     

生物膜法处理地表水研究与应用进展

介绍了目前中国地表水的污染概况,指出地表水污染情况依然不容乐观,主要污染指标为总氮和总磷,修复受污染地表水的主要方法为生物法,论述了生物技术中的生物膜法处理地表水的原理,总结并分析了国内外相关生物膜法处理技术及其优缺点,并列举了相关应用实例,最后根据国外河道整治的发展历程,对该技术的发展趋势作了展望,因生物膜-生态联合治理技术综合了生态系统方法及生物净化技术的优点,认为生物膜-生态联合治理技术将是今后地表水处理技术发展的一大趋势。     

包埋固定化微生物处理含氮废水的研究进展

氮污染日益严重,含氮废水处理越来越受到重视。传统生物脱氮技术存在着很多问题,微生物固定化技术可以弥补传统生物脱氮方法中的不足之处,达到高效脱氮的目的。包埋固定法是应用最广泛的一种微生物固定方法,也是国内外研究的热点之一。主要介绍了包埋固定化技术原理和常用的固定化载体,以及国内外学者对包埋固定化技术生物脱氮的研究进展情况,并针对该技术实用化提出了需要解决的问题。     

Review of the remediation strategies for soil water repellency

Many regions of the world are predicted to experience water scarcity due to more frequent and more severe droughts and increased water demands. Water use efficiency by plants can be negatively affected by soil water repellency (SWR). It is timely to review existing techniques to remedy SWR. Ideally remediation addresses the origins of a problem. However, the fundamental mechanisms of how and why SWR develops are still poorly understood. In this review it was hypothesized that SWR occurs where the balance of input-decomposition of organic matter is impaired, due to either increased input or decreased decomposition rates of hydrophobic substances. Direct and indirect strategies to remedy SWR were distinguished. While direct remediation aims at abolishing the causes of SWR, indirect strategies seek to manage sites with SWR by treating its symptoms. The 12 reviewed strategies include applying surfactants, clay, slow-release fertilizers, lime, and fungicides, bioremediation of SWR through stimulating earthworms, choosing adapted vegetation, irrigation, cultivation, soil aeration and compaction. Some of the techniques have been applied successfully only in laboratory experiments. Our review highlights that it is not straightforward to cure SWR based on easily measurable and site-specific soil and vegetation properties, and that long-term, large-scale field experiments are required to improve the understanding of the evolution of SWR as cornerstone to develop cost-effective and efficient remediation strategies. We also identified current research gaps around the diagnosis and prevention of SWR.     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by calcium alginate immobilized kaolin

Kaolin has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the lower heavy metal adsorption capacity of kaolin limits its practical application. A novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate immobilized kaolin (kaolin/CA), was prepared using a sol-gel method. The e ects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on Cu2+ adsorption by kaolin/CA were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe the experimental adsorption, the maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the kaolin/CA reached up to 53.63 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process.     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

清远市乐排河氰化物跨境污染应急处理案例分析

近年来突发性跨境污染事件时有发生,广州市环保局曾先后成功处理北江镉污染、清远市乐排河氰化物污染等事件。本案例通过回放对清远市乐排河氰化物污染事件的应急处理过程,总结出环保部门应对突发性跨境污染事件三方面的思考：1.加强对跨境河流的监控是及时掌握突发性污染的必要手段;2.借鉴同类型污染事件的处理方法是有效处理事件的捷径;3.环保部门严格按职责处理是解决跨境污染事件的关键。     

徐闻珊瑚礁保护区海水中多环芳烃的初探

2006年8月,对徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区中多环芳烃的污染现状进行调查和研究,采用固相萃取,GC-MS检测,分析其中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）单体的含量,结果表明该海域海水中16种PAHs的总平均含量为87.06±90.62 ng·L^-1,变化范围为43.31～435.64 ng·L^-1,与世界其它一些近岸海区海水中的PAHs含量相比污染较为严重。A1站位的PAHs含量偏高,主要来源于陆地的工业废水和生活污水以及渔船油污。PAHs含量的增多对珊瑚礁生态系统具有一定影响,最终将影响到人类的自身健康。